1. Ubwubatsi bw'ubuyobozi
Irinde kunyura mu murongo no kurema ishusho ya "S" mu buryo buyobowe.
Mu gikorwa cyo kubakagucukura mu cyerekezoKunyuramo, haba umwobo uyobora cyangwa utarimo, niba ujyanye n'imiterere y'umwimerere, no kwirinda kugaragara nk'ishusho ya "S" y'umwobo uyobora ni ngombwa kugira ngo inyubako yo kwambukiranya irangire neza. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ishusho ya "S", ingamba zikurikira zishobora gufatwa:
（1）Mu gihe cyo gupima no gushyiraho, koresha sitasiyo yose kugira ngo wongere upime kandi wemeze aho usohoka n'aho winjirira inshuro zirenga eshatu kugira ngo urebe neza ko umuyoboro wambukiranya uhuye n'igishushanyo mbonera.
（2）Mbere yo gucukura, igikoresho cyo gucukura kirapimwa, kandi ingingo nyinshi zigapimwa inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo harebwe ko ari ukuri.
（3）Sesengura imiterere ya geologiya mbere yo gutangira akazi, shushanya umurongo unyuramo mu buryo bwo guhuza buri muyoboro w'imashini ku mpapuro zihuza ukurikije imiterere y'umuyoboro, shyira ikimenyetso kuri buri muyoboro w'imashini, kandi werekane imiterere ya geologiya ijyanye nayo mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye; Mu gikorwa cyo gucukura, ukurikije aho gucukura imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini kugira ngo ugenzure imikorere y'umuvuduko w'imashini, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ukurikije imiterere ya geologiya kugira ngo uhindure umuvuduko w'imashini, igipimo cy'imashini n'ibindi bipimo.
（4） Nyuma y’uko icyuma gicukura gishyizwe mu mwanya wacyo, pima neza ingano y’inguni irimo, ubare aho amazi anyura hanyuma uyandike, hanyuma ukosore buhoro buhoro ukurikije agaciro kemewe k’aho amazi anyura mu gihe cyo gucukura, kugira ngo wirinde imiterere ya "S" y’umuyoboro w’icukura mu bwoko bw’imiterere kugira ngo urebe neza ko umuyoboro w’icukura ugenda neza kandi wongere ubwiza bw’umwobo w’icyitegererezo.
（5） Sobanukirwa ubuso, imiterere ya geologiya n'amazi, kandi upime azimuth ku murongo wo hagati wambukiranya nta nkomyi ya rukuruzi. Gupima inguni ya azimuth bikorwa ku mpande zombi z'aho bashyinguye n'aho bacukuye.
（6） Ingufu zigomba gupfundikirwa hejuru y’umurongo ucagagura, kandi icyuho kigomba gupimwa kenshi kugira ngo harebwe ko umurongo ucagagura uhuye n’umurongo w’igishushanyo mbonera ndetse n’uburyo bwo gucukura ikirundo cyo hejuru aho cyapfundikiwe.
（7） Inyandiko z’ubuyobozi bw’icyerekezo zigomba kuba zuzuye, zinoze kandi zifite akamaro. Mu gihe cyo gucukura imyobo y’icyitegererezo, ikintu cyose kidasanzwe n’ihagarikwa ry’icukurwa bigomba kwandikwa.
（8） Reba itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'ibyondo n'impinduka z'ibyondo igihe cyose kugira ngo habeho ishingiro ryo gupima imikorere y'ipompo y'ibyondo; reba impinduka z'umuvuduko w'ingufu kugira ngo habeho ishingiro ry'imikorere y'igikoresho cyo gucukura.
(9) Kugira ngo harebwe ko umurongo wo gucukura ujyanye n'imiterere y'umurongo wo gucukura, sisitemu yo kuyobora izageragezwa igihe umwobo w'icyitegererezo ucukurwa, cyane cyane harimo: gupima konsole y'umucukuzi, gupima igikoresho cyo gucukura amakuru, gusuzuma icyuma gipima (harimo no kugenzura imiterere y'icyuma gipima, amakuru, nibindi) uburyo buhoraho bwo gusuzuma. Nyuma y'ibizamini byose n'impinduka birangiye, komeza gucukura bisanzwe.
2.Gukirant ipima igihe agace k'imashini kafashe
(1) Mu gihe cyo gucukura umwobo w’icyitegererezo, igice cyo gucukura gishobora gufatirwa, ibyo bikagaragazwa no kwiyongera gukabije k’umuvuduko w’ibyondo, cyangwa kwiyongera ako kanya k’umuvuduko w’icyuma gicukura (mu gihe cyo gucukura gizunguruka). Muri iki gihe, umuvuduko ukorwa na moteri y’icyondo ntushobora gutsinda igikorwa cy’umuvuduko w’amabuye ku gice cyo gucukura, igice cyo gucukura gihagarara kuzenguruka.
Hari amahitamo abiri:
● Iyo igitutu cy’icyondo gishobora kugabanuka mu ntera ya 500psi, birashoboka guhita uhagarika iterambere ry’umuyoboro w’imashini, ahubwo ugakurura umuyoboro w’imashini werekeza mu cyerekezo cy’aho imashini icukura kugira ngo igice cy’imashini give mu rutare vuba, ugabanye itandukaniro ry’igitutu cy’icyondo, hanyuma ugakoresha uburyo bwo gucukura buhoro buhoro bwa “Thrust and thrust speed”;
●Iyo igitutu cy'icyondo kirenze 500psi, pompe y'icyondo igomba guhita izimwa, pompe y'icyondo igomba guhagarikwa, kandi umuyoboro w'icyondo ugomba gusubizwa inyuma werekeza ku cyuma gicukura kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri y'icyondo yangirika bitewe n'igitutu kinini kiri ku cyuma gifunga.
(2) Mu gihe cyo kubaka umwobo uyobora, imashini irafata iyo habayeho gusimbuza igikoresho cyo gucukura cyangwa kuvoma umuyoboro w'imashini mu bihe bidasanzwe. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ibice bimwe na bimwe bihinduka binini cyane, gusukura umwobo kudakora neza, kwegeranya cyane ibice byo gucukura biterwa n'"umwobo ugabanuka", bigatuma imashini ifata.
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Ubwa mbere, icyondo kigomba gukomeza gukora neza, kandi hari icyondo gihagije cyo kuvoma mu mwobo. Muri iki gihe, umuyoboro w'amazi ntugomba gukomeza gukurura inyuma gusa, bitabaye ibyo uzafatwa byoroshye. Umuyoboro w'amazi ugomba gukomeza kugenda imbere hamwe n'icyondo cyo kuvoma, gusukura umwobo witonze, guhindura impande zo hejuru z'igice hakurikijwe inyandiko ya mbere yo gucukura, guhagarika kuzenguruka k'umuyoboro w'amazi wo kuvoma inyuma, kwita ku kugenzura umuvuduko w'icyuma, hanyuma uzungurutse umuyoboro w'amazi imbere, gusukura umwobo, inshuro nyinshi, kugeza igihe woroshye unyuze mu gice cy' "umwobo ugabanuka".
3.Kubaka Reaming
(1) Ingamba zo kurwanya kugwa kw'agace k'umuyoboro mu gihe cyo kuwucukura
Mu gihe cyo kubaka urutare, bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi z'urutare cyangwa imiterere y'urutare ihindagurika, urutare rw'urutare rushobora kugwa mu mwobo, bigatera ingaruka ku ruhare rw'urutare rukurikira.
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Dukurikije amakuru y’amabwiriza, impinduka mu mihangayiko muri buri gice cy’urukuta rw’amabuye zishobora kumenyekana. Nyuma y’uko urukuta rw’amabuye rumaze amasaha 80 rukoreshejwe, rusimbuze rushya rwo kurutunganya; Mbere yuko urukuta rw’amabuye rwinjira mu gace urukuta rw’amabuye rwiyongera, niba urukuta rw’amabuye rumaze amasaha arenga 60 rukoreshejwe, rusimbuze rushya.
(2) Ingamba zo kurwanya umuyoboro w'amazi wangiritse
Imiterere y’imiterere y’umushinga mu bukonje n’ubukomere ntabwo ingana, kandi ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho ubwiza bw’amabuye ari hejuru cyane. Iyo uhuye n’ahantu hahinduka cyane mu gihe cyo gucukura amabuye, biroroshye gutuma imiyoboro y’amazi icika, ibi bikaba bigaragazwa no kugabanuka kw’imbaraga z’amazi n’ubukomere bw’amazi ako kanya.
Uburyo bwo kuvura: mu gihegucukura mu cyerekezoUbwubatsi, inzira yo kubaka umuyoboro uhuza aho bacukura igomba kwemezwa. Nyuma y'uko umuyoboro ucitse, shyira ibikoresho ku gihe aho bacukura hanyuma ukuremo umuyoboro ucukura. Nyuma y'uko imiyoboro yose icukurwa, sisitemu yo kuyobora igomba gushyirwa ku ruhande mu butaka kugira ngo yongere iyobore ku mwobo w'ibanze.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2023