Ikoranabuhanga mu bwubatsi bw'icyuma gicukura gikoresheje icyerekezo kitambitse (II)

1.Gukurura umuyoboro

Ingamba zo gukumira gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gusohora:

(1) Gukora igenzura ry’ibikoresho byose byo gucukura mbere yogucukura mu cyerekezo kitambitsegukora, no kugenzura ibimenyetso byo gupima inenge (Y-ray cyangwa X-ray, nibindi) ku bikoresho bikomeye byo gucukura nk'imiyoboro yo gucukura, imiyoboro yo gucukura, n'udusanduku two kohereza kugira ngo harebwe ko nta cyuho kirimo kandi ko imbaraga zihuye n'ibisabwa mu bwubatsi.

(2) Ingano ya nyuma y’umurambararo w’amazi iruta inshuro 1.5 z’umuyoboro wo gukurura. Urukurikirane rw’imiyoboro yo gukurura amazi: umutwe w’amashanyarazi – umutwe w’amashanyarazi urinda ipfundo – umuyoboro wo gukurura amazi – umuyoboro wo gukurura amazi – umurongo uzunguruka – impeta ifite ishusho ya U – umutwe wa traktori – umurongo mukuru, ushobora kwemeza ko imbaraga nyinshi z’umuyoboro zikoreshwa ku ngufu zo gukurura amazi mu gihe cyo gukurura amazi no kwemeza ko gukurura amazi bizagira ingaruka nziza. Mu gihe cyo gucukura amazi gihagaritse, igikoresho cyo gucukura kigomba guhuzwa vuba, kandi igihe cyo gucukura amazi mu mwobo w’icyitegererezo kigomba kugabanywa uko bishoboka kose, kandi ntikigomba kurenza amasaha 4. Mu gihe cyahagaze, icyondo kigomba gushyirwa mu mwobo mu gihe runaka kugira ngo ibyondo biri mu mwobo bigumane amazi.

(3) Mbere yuko umuyoboro usubizwa inyuma, icyuma gicukura, igikoresho gicukura, sisitemu ishyigikira ibyondo n'ibindi bikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa no kubungabungwa neza (hamwe n'inyandiko zo kubungabunga no gusana) kugira ngo harebwe ko icyuma gicukura n'amashanyarazi yacyo bikora neza kandi bikora neza. Sukura icyondo ku muyoboro mbere yo kuwusubiza inyuma kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta kintu cy'imvange kiri mu muyoboro; Sisitemu y'ibyondo igenda neza kandi igitutu gishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gukurura. Mu gihe cyo gukurura, kora ikizamini cyo gusukura kugira ngo urebe neza ko umuyoboro w'amazi ufunguwe. Mu gihe cyo gukurura, shyiramo icyondo gikwiye hakurikijwe ibipimo by'imashini, gabanya gukurura hagati y'umuyoboro n'urukuta rw'umwobo, wongere amavuta mu muyoboro, gabanya ubushyuhe bw'imashini, kandi urebe neza ko gukurura bigenze neza.

Ingamba zo kugenzura ko irangi rirwanya ingese ritangirika iyo umwobo wagutse kandi ugakururwa inyuma

(1) Mu gihe ucukura umwobo w'icyitegererezo, kora ubwubatsi ukurikije ibisabwa kugira ngo urebe neza ko umwobo w'icyitegererezo ugororotse kandi ugororotse, kandi wirinde inguni nyinshi. Mu gihe ucukura inyuma, umurambararo w'icyuma gikoreshwa uba munini inshuro zirenga 1.5 kurusha umurambararo w'umuyoboro wo kwambukiranya kugira ngo ugabanye imbaraga zo gukurura no kugabanya gukurura hagati y'umuyoboro n'urukuta rw'umwobo.

(2) Shyiramo umwobo wo koza kugira ngo woze izindi nganda mu mwobo kandi ugabanye ubukana bw'imiyoboro iri mu mwobo.

(3) Igipimo cy'ibyondo gihinduka bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka. Icyondo gitunganywa mu gihe cyo gukurura, hanyuma hongerwamo amavuta runaka kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'ubushyamirane hagati y'umuyoboro n'urukuta rw'umwobo. Ubushamirane bw'ibyondo bugomba guhindurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Dukurikije impinduka za geologiya, ubushamirane bw'ibyondo n'umuvuduko wabyo birahindurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi igipimo cy'ibyondo gikoreshwa mu guhagarika umuyoboro mu gihe cyo gukurura kugira ngo bigabanye ubushamirane.

(4) Nyuma yo kurangiza gutunganya, banza urebe umuyoboro ukururwa inyuma. Nyuma yo kwemeza ko urwego rurwanya ingese rumeze neza kandi ko nta kintu na kimwe cyangiza imiterere y'ubuzima, ukurikije imiterere y'aho hantu, umuyoboro urahagarikwa no gucukura imiyoboro n'ibirundo by'ubutaka kugira ngo birinde urwego rurwanya ingese rw'umuyoboro.

 (5) Iyo umuyoboro ukururwa inyuma, shyiraho ahantu ho gupima urwego rurwanya ingese metero 30 mbere yuko umuyoboro winjira mu mwobo (cyangwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze), kandi ushyireho abakozi badasanzwe bo gusukura ubuso bw'urwego rurwanya ingese mbere y'aho basanze, kugira ngo byorohere abakozi bari aho basanze gukoresha EDM gupima aho amazi aturuka niba hari imivundo cyangwa imyanda ku rundi ruhande rurwanya ingese, kandi ukosore ibyangiritse mu gihe habonetse imivundo n'imyanda, kugira ngo hirindwe kwinjira mu mwobo.

2.Uburyo bwo gupima, kugarura no

tibipimo byo gupima ibyondo

Gutegura icyondo:

Igipimo cy'ibyondo bigira uruhare runini mu kugera ku ntego yo kwambuka. Uburemere bw'imiterere y'ibyondo by'umushinga buzashingira ku bishushanyo mbonera n'amakuru ya geologiya, hakurikijwe igabanywa ry'uburemere butandukanye bw'ibyondo ku byiciro bitandukanye, mu gikorwa cyo gucukura imyobo iyobora, bigomba kwemeza imiterere myiza ya rheological, imikorere myiza yo gusiga amavuta; Mu gihe cyo gusya, uburemere bw'ibyondo buzahindurwa neza hakurikijwe inyandiko iyobora kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibyondo bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara no kurinda inkuta. Muri icyo gihe, muri buri cyiciro cyo kubaka, gusya no gukurura, hakurikijwe amakuru nyayo, ongeramo ibikoresho byo gukomeza inkuta, viscosifier, amavuta, ibikoresho byo gusukura uduce tw'icyuma n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera, wongere uburemere bw'ibyondo n'ubusitani, wongere uburemere bw'ibyondo, wirinde gusenyuka k'urukuta, gusohora urukuta n'ibindi bintu, kugira ngo umushinga urangire neza. Ibikoresho by'ibyondo ahanini ni bentonite (bidahungabanya ibidukikije), kandi imiterere y'ibyondo iterwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka ihura nabwo mu gihe cyo gucukura. Kuri uyu mushinga binyuze mu miterere y'ingenzi, gutegura ibyondo by'ingenzi.

Gukira ibyondo no kuvura:

Kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza ingano y'ibyondo, kurengera ibidukikije, uko bishoboka kose hakoreshwejwe ibyondo bitangiza ibidukikije, kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibyondo mu gihe cyo kugabanya imyanda, ariko kandi hirindwe ko imyanda yangirika, kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kuvugurura ibidukikije ku gihe, ingamba zihariye ni izi zikurikira:

(1) Kuyobora icyondo cyoroshye ibidukikije kiva mu butaka kijya mu buryo buzenguruka, kandi binyuze mu mwobo uzenguruka n'ikigega cyo gucukura, ibice bicukurwa bizashyirwamo amazi kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka z'ibanze zo gusukura. Nyuma yo gusukura bwa mbere, icyondo gitemba mu kigega cy'icyondo kugira ngo gihagarare. Kugira ngo hihutishwe imvura y'ibice, hashyirwaho icyuho mu kigega cy'icyondo kugira ngo gihindure imiterere y'amazi no gusenya imiterere y'icyondo, kugira ngo byorohereze imvura y'ibice bicukurwa.

 (2) Gushyiraho abakozi badasanzwe bo kugenzura umurongo, kongera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura, kandi niba hari aho amazi aturuka, shyiraho abakozi bo kubaka cofferdam aho amazi aturuka kugira ngo bayirinde kandi bayikuremo vuba bishoboka, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi amanuka n'aho amazi aturuka. Arakusanywa hanyuma akajyanwa n'ikamyo y'ibigega by'amazi mu cyobo cy'ibyondo kiri aho bubaka.

 (3) Nyuma y’uko imirimo yo kubaka irangiye, icyondo kiri mu cyobo cy’ibyondo kiri aho bubaka gitandukanywa n’icyondo n’amazi, hanyuma icyondo gisigaye gitwarwa hanze kugira ngo kirindwe ibidukikije.

3. Ingamba zihariye za tekiniki

Sisitemu yo gufunga ibikoresho byo gucukura:

Mu gikorwa cyo gucukura mu cyerekezo, bitewe n'imiterere idahwitse y'imiterere y'ubutaka, icyuma gicukura kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mbaraga z'umuyoboro w'imashini mu mwobo mu gihe cyo kuwucukura no kuwusubiza inyuma. Ukwiyongera gutunguranye kw'imbaraga bishobora gutera kudakomera kw'icyuma gicukura ndetse n'impanuka y'icyuma gicukura kigwa hejuru. Kubwibyo, guhagarara kw'uburyo bwo gupfuka bw'icyuma ni ingenzi cyane. Dukurikije ubunararibonye bw'uyu mushinga n'ubwubatsi bwabanje, uburyo bwo gupfuka bw'icyuma cyacukura bwaravuguruwe, cyane cyane ibi bikurikira:

(1) Shyira agakoresho ko gufunga ubutaka mu mwobo, maze umurongo wo hagati w'agakoresho ko gufunga ubutaka uhuze n'umurongo wo kwambukiranya. Igice cyo hejuru cy'agakoresho ko gufunga ubutaka gihuye n'ubutaka karemano, kandi uburyo bwo gucukura agakoresho ko gufunga ubutaka ni 6m×2m×2m.

 (2) Agakoresho k'umurizo gashyirwa muri metero 6 inyuma y'agasanduku k'umurizo gashyirwa ku butaka, kandi agasanduku k'umurizo gashyirwa ku butaka n'agakoresho k'umurizo bihuzwa n'inkoni zihuza. Nyuma y'uko agakoresho k'umurizo gahujwe, ubutaka burazura inyuma, kandi ubutaka bukikije agakoresho bugakandagirwa mu buryo bwa mekanike no mu buryo bw'ubukorano. Ongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubutaka.

 (3) Shyira inkingi ifite uburebure bwa metero 6 kuri buri ruhande rw'agasanduku k'inkingi yo hasi kugira ngo wirinde ko igice kinini cy'umubiri gihinduka.

 (4) Shyira umuyoboro w'icyuma wa metero 6 × 0.8 kuri buri mpera y'inkingi kugira ngo wongere ahantu hatuma umuntu arushaho guhangayika hose kandi ugabanye umuvuduko.

 (5) Nyuma yo gushyiraho, icyapa cy'icyuma kigomba gushyirwa muri sisitemu yo gufunga, kandi icyo cyuma gikwiye guhagarara hejuru y'icyapa cy'icyuma.

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